Silkscreen, wanda kuma aka sani da almara na abin rufe fuska, rubutu ne ko alamomin da aka buga akan PCB ta amfani da tawada na musamman don gano abubuwan da aka haɗa, lambobin sadarwa, tambura tambura tare da sauƙaƙe taro mai sarrafa kansa. Yin aiki azaman taswira don jagorantar yawan PCB da gyara kurakurai, wannan saman saman yana taka rawa mai ban mamaki wanda ya shafi ayyuka, sanya alama, ƙa'idodi na ƙa'idodi da ƙayatarwa.
Maɓallin Ayyuka.
A kan allunan da'ira masu yawa suna ɗaukar ɗaruruwan abubuwan da aka gyara na mintuna, almara yana taimakawa fahimtar haɗin kai da ke ƙarƙashin na'urori.
1. Fahimtar Abunda
Lambobin sashe, ƙididdiga (10K, 0.1uF) da alamomin polarity (-+) ana yiwa lakabin kusa da fatun abubuwan da ke taimakawa saurin ganin gani yayin taron hannu, dubawa da gyarawa.
2. Bayanin hukumar
Cikakkun bayanai kamar lambar PCB, sigar, masana'anta, aikin allo (amplifier audio, samar da wutar lantarki) galibi ana yin gwajin siliki don bin diddigin allunan da aka sanya.
3. Connector Pinouts
Ƙididdigar fil ɗin da aka shiga tsakani ta hanyar almara yana taimakawa shigar da masu haɗin kebul don mu'amala tare da mu'amalar kan jirgin (USB, HDMI).
4. Bayanin allo
Layukan yankan gefen da aka yi fice suna nuna girma, daidaitawa da masu shiga da ke taimaka wa panelization da cire bango.
5. Majalisar Aids Fiducials alamomi kusa da kayan aiki ramukan zama a matsayin sifili tunani maki ga sarrafa kansa na gani-da-wuri inji don daidai populate aka gyara.
6. Thermal Manuniya Launi canza zafin jiki m Legends iya gani overheating al'amurran da suka shafi a Gudun Allunan.
7. Tambarin Alamomin Alama, layukan rubutu da alamomin hoto suna taimakawa gano na'urar OEMs da ke aiki don haɓaka ƙwarewar alama. Har ila yau, almara na fasaha na al'ada suna ƙara wadatar kyan gani.
Tare da ƙarami yana ba da damar aiki mafi girma a kowane inci murabba'i, alamun siliki suna jagorantar masu amfani da injiniyoyi a duk tsawon rayuwar PCB.
Gina da Kayayyaki
Silkscreen ya ƙunshi tawada mai tushen epoxy da aka buga akan abin rufe fuska mai ƙyale tushen PCB koren don samar da bambanci a ƙasa. Don isar da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙuduri daga bayanan gerber da aka canza CAD, bugu na musamman na allo, inkjet ko dabarun hoto na buga tatsuniyoyi.
Kayayyaki kamar juriya na sinadarai/shanyewa, daidaiton launi, mannewa da sassauƙa suna ƙayyade dacewar kayan:
Epoxy -Yafi kowa don farashi, dacewa da tsari
Silicone - Yana jure zafi mai zafi
Polyurethane- M, UV resistant
Epoxy-Polyester - Haɗa ƙarfin epoxy & polyester
Fari shine daidaitaccen launi na almara tare da baki, shuɗi, ja da rawaya kuma suna shahara. Injin zaɓe da wuri tare da kyamarori masu kallon ƙasa duk da haka sun fi son abin rufe fuska fari ko kodan rawaya a ƙasa don isashen bambanci don gano sassa.
Na'urorin PCB na ci gaba suna ƙara ƙarfafa ƙarfin almara:
Inks-Inks da aka saka a cikin ma'auni suna ba da alamun da ke da juriya ga lalacewa/yagewar saman
Tawada Tawada- Yana Gina almara mai ɗorewa mai ɗorewa don lakabi akan masu haɗawa, masu sauyawa da sauransu.
Glow Legends- Ya ƙunshi luminescent foda mai caji ta haske don haskakawa a cikin hangen nesa mai duhu
Hidden Legends- Tawada ana iya gani kawai a ƙarƙashin hasken baya na UV yana kiyaye sirrin
Kashe-Layi-Layi masu juyawa da yawa suna bayyana bayanai kamar yadda ake buƙata ta kowane sitika
Yin hidima fiye da alamomi na asali, inks na almara iri-iri yana ƙarfafa ƙarin ayyuka.
Muhimmanci a cikin Masana'antu
Allon siliki na PCB yana sauƙaƙa aiki da sauri tuƙi taro na allo. Zaba da sanya injuna sun dogara da ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da suka faru a cikin almara don:
Allolin tsakiya
Gano ɓangaren lambobi/daraja ta hanyar tantance halayen gani
Tabbatar da kasancewar/rashin sassa
Duba jeri na polarity
Rahoto daidaiton jeri
Wannan yana hanzarta ɗaukar ƙananan abubuwan haɗin guntu marasa kuskure gwargwadon girman 0201 (0.6mm x 0.3mm)!
Bayan yawan jama'a, kyamarori masu sarrafa kansa (AOI) suna sake yin la'akari da almara don ingantawa:
Madaidaicin nau'in /daraja
Daidaitaccen daidaitawa
Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai (5% juriyar juriya da sauransu)
Board gama ingancin da fiducials
Barcodes matrix da za'a iya karanta na'ura da lambobin QR da aka tsara a cikin almara suna kuma taimakawa jeri-jere allunan da ke haɗa su da bayanan gwaji masu dacewa.
Nisa daga na zahiri, alamun allo na siliki suna fitar da aiki da kai, iya ganowa da inganci cikin samarwa.
Ka'idojin PCB
Ka'idojin masana'antu suna gudanar da wasu abubuwan da suka wajaba na siliki don sauƙaƙe haɗin kai da kiyaye filin don na'urorin lantarki.
IPC-7351 - Abubuwan Bukatu na Gabaɗaya don Ƙirƙirar Dutsen Sama da Matsayin Tsarin Ƙasa
ID ɗin abubuwan da aka wajaba tare da mai tsara tunani (R8,C3), nau'in (RES, CAP) da ƙima (10K, 2u2).
Sunan allo, bayanin toshe take
Alamomi na musamman kamar ƙasa
IPC-6012 - Cancanta da Ayyuka na Allolin Buga masu ƙarfi
Nau'in kayan (FR4)
Lambar kwanan wata (YYYY-MM-DD)
Cikakkun bayanai
Asalin ƙasar/kamfani
Barcode/2D code
ANSI Y32.16 - Alamomin Zane don Zane-zane na Lantarki da Lantarki
Alamomin wutar lantarki
Alamomin ƙasa masu kariya
Tamburan gargadi na Electrostatic
Madaidaitan masu gano gani suna haɓaka matsala da haɓakawa a cikin filin.
Alamomin Sawu na gama gari
Sake amfani da ingantattun alamomin siliki na sawun sawun na yau da kullun yana kiyaye daidaito a cikin ƙirar PCB na taimakawa taro.
| Bangaren | Alamar | Bayani | |———–|—————| | Mai adawa |
| Shaci rectangular yana nuna nau'in abu, ƙima, haƙuri da ƙarfin wuta | | Capacitor |
| Shirye-shiryen radial Semicircular/stacked tare da ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfi | | Diode |
| Layin kibiya yana nuna alkiblar gudana na yau da kullun | | LED |
| Daidaita siffar fakitin LED; nuna cathode / anode | | Crystal |
| Mai salo hexagonal/parallelogram ma'adini crystal tare da ƙasa fil | | Mai Haɗi |
| Silhouette na iyali (USB,HDMI) tare da fil masu lamba | | Gwajin gwaji |
| Pads bincike da'ira don tabbatarwa da bincike | | Pad |
| Alamar gefen gefe don na'urar ɗorawa tsaka tsaki | | Fiducial |
| Rijista crosshair yana goyan bayan daidaitawar gani ta atomatik |
Dangane da mahallin, alamun da suka dace suna taimakawa ganowa.
Muhimmancin ingancin Silkscreen
Tare da haɓaka PCBs, sake fitar da cikakkun bayanai yana haifar da ƙalubale. Dole ne bugu na almara mai girma ya kawo:
1. Daidaiton Alamomin daidai daidai da madaidaicin madaidaicin saukowa, gefuna da sauransu suna riƙe 1:1 daidai da abubuwan da ke ƙasa.
2. Legibility Crisp, babban alamar bambanci cikin sauƙin karantawa; Ƙananan rubutu ≥1.0mm tsawo, Layuka masu kyau ≥0.15mm nisa.
3. Ƙarfafa Riƙewa ba tare da lahani ba ga kayan tushe daban-daban; ƙin aiki / damuwa na aiki.
4. Girman Rijista sun dace daidai da CAD na asali wanda ke ba da damar fayyace mai rufi don dubawa ta atomatik.
Labari mara inganci tare da alamomi masu banƙyama, skewed jeri ko rashin isassun haɗin kai yana haifar da ƙarancin samarwa ko gazawar filin. Don haka daidaiton ingancin siliki yana nuna dogaro da PCB.
Ko da ƙananan masu ganowa suna riƙe babban mahimmanci don jagorantar tsarin aiki mai ma'ana.
Abubuwan da ke tasowa
Gagarumin haɓakawa a daidaitaccen bugu yana faɗaɗa ƙarfin siliki:
Haɗe-haɗe tawada: An binne a hankali tsakanin yadudduka, tatsuniyoyi masu alaƙa suna guje wa lalata haɓaka haɓakar da ake buƙata a sararin samaniya, tsaro da na'urorin lantarki na mota.
Hidden Legends: Alamar furen ultraviolet ganuwa kawai ana iya gani a ƙarƙashin hasken baya na UV yana taimakawa ɓoye gatataccen bayanin damar shiga kamar kalmomin shiga akan amintattun tsarin.
Peel Layers: Goyan bayan lambobi masu launi suna ba masu amfani damar zaɓin ƙarin cikakkun bayanai akan buƙata.
Tawada Tawada: Ƙirƙirar alamomi masu ɗorewa masu ɗorewa don yiwa maɓalli, masu jujjuyawa da mashigai na mu'amala a aikace-aikacen da suka shafi ɗan adam.
Abubuwan taɓawa na fasaha: launuka masu ban sha'awa da zane-zane na al'ada suna ba da arziƙin ƙawa yayin kiyaye ayyuka.
Yin amfani da irin waɗannan ci gaban, allon siliki na yau yana ƙarfafa PCBs don faɗakarwa, amintattu, taimako, har ma da nishadantar da masu amfani yayin riƙe ainihin asali.
Misalai
Sabbin sababbin abubuwa suna bayyana a cikin yankuna:
SpaceTech - NASA's Mars Perseverance rover a cikin 2021 yana ɗaukar PCBs tare da ingantattun almara masu juriya ga yanayin aiki.
AutoTech - Bosch mai ba da motoci na Jamus a cikin 2019 ya buɗe PCBs masu kaifin baki tare da kwasfa da kwasfa masu bayyana bayanan bincike ga dillalai masu izini kawai.
MedTech – Abbott's FreeStyle Libre na ci gaba da saka idanu glucose na wasanni da aka ɗaga maɓallan taɓawa waɗanda ke ba da damar shigar da sauƙi ta masu fama da ciwon sukari masu rauni.
5G Telecom – Huawei's flagship Kirin 9000 chipset wayar hannu yana da tatsuniyoyi masu launi da yawa waɗanda ke ba da haske ga yanki kamar mai sarrafa aikace-aikacen, modem 5G da dabaru na AI.
Wasan – Nvidia's GeForce RTX graphics katin jerin fasalulluka premium azurfa siliki nuni da karfe tambura isar da sha'awar sha'awa.
IoT Wearables - Fitbit Charge mai wayo yana fakitin PCB masu firikwensin firikwensin tare da alamomi masu yawa a cikin bayanan siriri.
Lallai, siliki mai ɗorewa daidai a gida a cikin na'urorin mabukaci ko na'urori na musamman yana ci gaba da haɓaka ƙwarewar mai amfani a cikin mahalli.
Juyin Halitta
An tura shi ta buƙatun masana'antu da ba za a iya kawar da su ba, ƙirar almara ta ci gaba da buɗe sabbin damammaki.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Q1. Za ku iya silkscreen biyu na PCB?
Ee, yawanci babban siliki na gefen yana ɗaukar alamomi na farko (don abubuwan da ke da yawan jama'a) yayin da gefen ƙasa ya haɗa da bayanan rubutu masu dacewa don samarwa kamar iyakokin panel ko umarnin tuƙi. Wannan yana guje wa rikicewar kallon babban taro.
Q2. Shin Layer mask ɗin solder yana kare almara na siliki?
Mask ɗin solder da aka ajiye akan tagulla ba tare da siliki ba yana ba da sinadarai da juriya na injina waɗanda ke kare tawada mai rauni a ƙasa daga sarrafa kaushi da damuwa. Don haka duka biyun suna aiki tare tare da waƙoƙin rufe abin rufe fuska da almara mai jagorantar jama'a.
Q3. Menene kauri na siliki na yau da kullun?
Fim ɗin tawada da aka warke yakan auna tsakanin mil 3-8 (75 – 200 microns). Mafi girman sutura sama da mil 10 na iya shafar wurin zama yayin da ƙarancin ɗaukar hoto ya kasa kare labari. Inganta kauri yana tabbatar da isasshen juriya.
Q4. Za a iya sanya panel a cikin silkscreen Layer?
Haƙiƙa fasalulluka na ɓangarorin panel kamar ƙayyadaddun allo, shafuka masu ɓarna ko ramukan kayan aiki suna taimakawa wajen tsara PCBs da aka tsara don sarrafa / sarrafa tsari. An fi yiwa cikakkun bayanai na rukuni alama a cikin siliki wanda ke zaune a saman yana ba da damar hangen nesa fiye da yadudduka na ciki.
Q5. An fi son siliki mai launin kore?
Duk da yake kowane launi mai sauƙin gani yana aiki, layukan taron jama'a sun fi son farar fata ko koren almara akan alluna masu aiki ko masu launin duhu waɗanda ke taimaka wa kyamarori masu kallon ƙasa. Koyaya, sabbin abubuwan kyamara masu tasowa sun shawo kan gazawa, buɗe zaɓuɓɓukan gyare-gyare masu launi.
Daidaitawa ga haɓaka masana'antu da hadaddun aiki, siliki na PCB mara nauyi ya tashi zuwa lokacin yana ba da ladabi ta hanyar sauƙi! Yana ƙarfafa masu amfani da injiniyoyi iri ɗaya a duk faɗin samarwa da samfuran rayuwa don ƙara fasalin damar lantarki. Lallai, shuru masu shakka, ƙananan bugu masu ganowa a warwatse a alluna suna magana da yawa waɗanda ke ba da damar cacophony na abubuwan al'ajabi na fasaha na zamani!
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-06-2023
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